John Tylers Presidency and the Tyler Precedent

John Tyler, the first vice president to finish the term of a president who had died in office, established a pattern in 1841 that would be followed for more than a century. The Constitution was not entirely clear about what would happen if a president died. And when William Henry Harrison died in the White House on April 4, 1841, some in the government believed his vice president would only become an acting president whose decisions would need the approval of Harrisons cabinet. Fast Facts: Tyler Precedent Named for John Tyler, the first vice president to become president upon the death of a president.Tyler was told by members of William Henrys Harrison that he was essentially only an acting president.Cabinet members insisted any decisions made by Tyler had to meet with their approval.Tyler stuck to his position, and the precedent he set remained in forced until the Constitution was amended in 1967. As funeral preparations began for President Harrison, the federal government was thrown into a crisis. On one side, members of Harrisons cabinet, who had no great trust in Tyler, did not want to see him exercise the full powers of the presidency. John Tyler, who possessed a fiery temper, forcefully disagreed. His stubborn assertion that he had rightfully inherited the full powers of the office became known as the Tyler Precedent. Not only did Tyler become the president, exercising all the powers of the office, but the precedent he set remained the blueprint for presidential succession until the Constitution was amended in 1967. Vice Presidency Considered Unimportant For the first five decades of the United States, the vice presidency was not considered a vitally important office. While the first two vice presidents, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, were later elected president, they both found the vice presidency to be a frustrating position. In the controversial election of 1800, when Jefferson became president, Aaron Burr became vice president. Burr is the best-known vice president of the early 1800s, though he is mainly remembered for killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel while vice president. Some vice presidents took the jobs one defined duty, presiding over the Senate, quite seriously. Others were said to hardly care about it. Martin Van Buren’s vice president, Richard Mentor Johnson, had a very relaxed view of the job. He owned a tavern in his home state of Kentucky, and while vice president he took a lengthy leave of absence from Washington to go home and run his tavern. The man who followed Johnson in the office, John Tyler, became the first vice president to show how important the person in the job could become. Death of a President John Tyler had started his political career as a Jeffersonian Republican, serving in the Virginia legislature and as the state’s governor. He eventually was elected to the US Senate, and when he became an opponent of Andrew Jackson’s policies he resigned his Senate seat in 1836 and switched parties, becoming a Whig. Tyler was tapped as the running mate of Whig candidate William Henry Harrison in 1840. The legendary â€Å"Log Cabin and Hard Cider† campaign was fairly free of issues, and Tyler’s name was featured in the legendary campaign slogan, â€Å"Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!† Harrison was elected, and caught a cold at his inauguration while delivering a lengthy inaugural address in very bad weather. His illness developed into pneumonia, and died on April 4, 1841, a month after taking office. Vice president John Tyler, at home in Virginia and unaware of the seriousness of the presidents illness, was informed that the president had died. The Constitution Was Unclear Tyler returned to Washington, believing he was the president of the United States. But he was informed that the Constitution wasnt precisely clear about that. The relevant wording in the Constitution, in Article II, section 1, said: â€Å"In case of removal of the President from office, or of his death, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The question arose: what did the framers mean by the word â€Å"same†? Did it mean the presidency itself, or merely duties of the office? In other words, in the event of a president’s death, would the vice president become an acting president, and not actually the president? Back in Washington, Tyler found himself being referred to as â€Å"the vice president, acting as president.† Critics referred to him as â€Å"His Accidency.† Tyler, who was staying at a Washington hotel (there was no vice presidential residence until modern times), summoned Harrison’s cabinet. The cabinet informed Tyler that he was not actually the president, and any decisions he would make in office would have to be approved by them. John Tyler Held His Ground â€Å"I beg your pardon, gentlemen,† Tyler said. â€Å"I am sure I am very glad to have in my cabinet such able statesmen as you have proved yourselves to be, and I shall be pleased to avail myself of your counsel and advice, but I can never consent to being dictated to as to what I shall or shall not do. I, as president, will be responsible for my administration. I hope to have your cooperation in carrying out its measures. So long as you see fit to do this I shall be glad to have you with me. When you think otherwise, your resignations will be accepted.† Tyler thus claimed the full powers of the presidency. And the members of his cabinet backed down from their threat. A compromise suggested by Daniel Webster, the secretary of state, was that Tyler would take the oath of office, and would then be the president. After the oath was administered, on April 6, 1841, all the officers of the government accepted that Tyler was the president and possessed the full powers of the office. The taking of the oath thus came to be seen as the moment when a vice president becomes president. Tylers Rough Term In Office A headstrong individual, Tyler clashed mightily with the Congress and with his own cabinet, and his single term in office was very rocky. Tyler’s cabinet changed several times. And he became estranged from the Whigs and was essentially a president without a party. His one noteworthy achievement as president would have been the annexation of Texas, but the Senate, out of spite, delayed that until the next president, James K. Polk, could take credit for it. The Tyler Precedent Was Established The presidency of John Tyler was most significant for the way it began. By establishing the â€Å"Tyler Precedent,† he ensured that future vice presidents would not become acting presidents with restricted authority. It was under the Tyler Precedent that the following vice presidents became president: Millard Fillmore, following the death of Zachary Taylor in 1850Andrew Johnson, following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln in 1865Chester Alan Arthur, following the assassination of James Garfield in 1881Theodore Roosevelt, following the assassination of William McKinley in 1901Calvin Coolidge, following the death of Warren G. Harding in 1923Harry Truman, following the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1945Lyndon B. Johnson, following the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963 Tyler’s action was essentially affirmed, 126 years later, by the 25th Amendment, which was ratified in 1967. After serving his term in office, Tyler returned to Virginia. He remained politically active, and sought to forestall the Civil War by convening a controversial peace conference. When efforts to avoid war failed, he was elected to the Confederate congress, but died in January 1862, before he could take his seat.

Alain Locke s The New Negro - 1400 Words

Though times have changed, Alain Locke tries to convey that meaning into many of his writings. Alain Locke has been an activist for the many years of the Harlem Renaissance. He spoke forward about how the ancestors of African American referred as the â€Å"Old Negros† and the newer generation referred to as the â€Å"New Negros† took different outlooks on life. American Negros goal in life at this point in time was to change their mentality. But how? Locke had introduced many readers to the vibrant wondrous world of African Americans. He opened the eyes to what American Negros can do and not what they cannot do, no one should be restricted by any boundaries. One of his most influential writings was â€Å"Enter the New Negro†, its open the mind of those who have come across it. The treatment of African Americans seemed as it has changed from the 1920 to the 1930s but mistreatment still remained. At this time African American needed to convey the images left be hind by their ancestors into something greater to please and uphold their legacy, not the legacy of themselves but a legacy for the African American community altogether. Locke speaks of the mistreatment when he states; â€Å"The Negro, too, for his part, has idols of the tribe to smash. If on the one hand the white man has erred in making the Negro appear to be that which would excuse or extenuate his treatment of him, the Negro, in turn, has too often unnecessarily excused himself because of the way he has been treated. TheShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the New Negro Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesIn the beginning Alain Locke tells us about the â€Å"tide of negro migration.† During this time in a movement known as the Great Migration, thousands of African-Americans also known as Negros left their homes in the South and moved North toward the beach line of big cities in search of employment and a new beginning. As Locke stated, â€Å"the wash and rush of this human tide on the beach line of Northern city centers is to be explained primarily in terms of a new vision of opportunity, of social and economicRead MoreWhat Was The Overall Impact Of The Harlem Renaissance1110 Words   |  5 Pagespart of the New York Public Library. It is a major repository of African American material which Schomburg collected over the years and felt it necessary and preserving a sense of one’s history especially when one belongs to a group whose history and humanity was routinely denied under slavery and segregation. 27. According to Hughes, who are the three â€Å"midwives† of the Harlem Renaissance? The three midwives of the Harlem Renaissance are Langston Hughes, Alain Locke and Charles S. Johnson. 28Read MoreThe Rise Of The Harlem Renaissance1970 Words   |  8 PagesAtlantic in 1928 , and the list continues. Undoubtedly one of the most influential of events during this time was the Harlem Renaissance. Even with its many leaders and innovators, it wouldn’t have been nearly as effective had it not been for Alain LeRoy Locke: black writer, philosopher, and teacher who influenced black artists to look to African sources for pride and inspiration. Without Locke’s contribution, the Renaissance would not have flourished as much as it did, and black pride would have takenRead MoreThe Negro Movement1364 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of the culture that has risen from the ashes; one may be quite surprised just how far the African American culture has come. The progression of the African American culture is indeed one to be proud of. From cotton fields to Harlem, â€Å"The New Negro Movement†, sparked a sense of cultural self-determination, with a yearning to str ive for economic, political equality, and civic participation. This was a movement that sparked a wide range of advancements in the African American culture. LeavingRead MoreArt or Propaganda? - a comparison between Alain Locke and W.E.B.Dubois5435 Words   |  22 Pages1. Introduction. W.E.B. Dubois and Alain Locke were important contributors to the epoch called Harlem Renaissance. With their writings atrists wanted to do something against racism, they wanted to show that the African - Americans dont have to feel inferior. Writing in the April, 1915, issue of Crisis, DuBois said: In art and literature we should try to loose the tremendous emotional wealth of the Negro and the dramatic strength of his problems through writing ... and other forms of art. WeRead MoreAlain Locke Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesone common denominator. Alain Locke addresses this issue of cultural pluralism in his article, quot;Who and What is `Negro?quot; In this article, Locke states that, quot;There is, in brief, no `The Negro. quot; By this, he means that blacks are not a uniform and unchanging body of people. He emphasizes that we, as Americans, need to mentally mature to a point where we do not view ourselves as all separate races, but as distinct parts of a composite whole. Locke begins his article by questioningRead MoreBlack Boy Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pagescontrol. Really, it’s just like bullying in many schools, but one hundred times worse. In â€Å"The New Negro†, Alain Locke has many important ideas and thoughts about society and the treatment of African Americans. He shows you what every life of a black American was like in the 1920’s. Many of the ideas that he writes are shown in Richard Wright’s Black Boy. â€Å"So for generations in the mind of America, the Negro has been more of a formula than a human being-a something to be argued about, condemned or defendedRead MoreClaude Mckay s Harlem Dancer And Ended Around 1929 Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesintellectuals into the harsh realization that the mentality of prejudice was still deeply rooted in American society. Looking at the important figures of this period we must start with such names as Countee Cullen, W.E.B. DuBois, Langston Hughes, and Alain Locke to name a few. These intellectuals were the backbone to era and were instrumental in placing this period in a position of prominence. There were far more individuals who contributed to the relevance of the Harlem Renaissance, both black and whiteRead MoreAnalysis Of Alain Lockes The New Negro1646 Words   |  7 Pagesintellectual Alain Locke published the short essay The New Negro. In this essay, Locke describes the contemporary conditions of black Americans, and discusses the trajectory and potential of black culture to affect global change in its historical moment (Locke 47). Locke wrote this essay in the midst of the Harlem Renaissance, a period in which black artists and intellectuals sought to reconceptualize black lives apart from the stereotypes and racist portrayals of prior decades (Hutchinson). The New NegroRead MoreThe Harlem Ren aissance s Influence And Impact1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance s Influence and Impact The Harlem Renaissance era is known for its rich culture and being the source for many African American breakthrough artists such as Alain Locke,W.E.B DuBois, and Ethel Waters. . Whether it be the diversity of music, drama, art, or literature, it’s surely present during that period of time and still is today. Many questions about this time period include â€Å"How was Harlem life like back then?† â€Å"What is the Harlem Renaissance?†, and â€Å"How did it

Scripts Free Essays

Before Introduction Good evening ladies gentlemen. As event will be beginning shortly, may we invite everyone to kindly take your seats. Thank you. We will write a custom essay sample on Scripts or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Good evening [_____________, ____________] ladies and gentlemen. I’m ___________ and I’m __________ we will be your emcees for this evening. On behalf of Linglingay Association, we would like to thank each and every one of you for taking the time to grace this blissful occasion. So relax and enjoy the rest of the evening. Opening prayerBefore we start, may I call on _____________ for the opening prayer. Pambansang AwitPlease remain standing for the singing of Pambansang Awit to be lead by __________________. Marching of Officers Before anything else, we would like to acknowledge the key persons who took a great part of this joyous affair. Ladies and gentlemen, it is with great pleasure to introduce to you the Linglingay Association’s officers. Let’s start off. Please make a stand and march as your name is called. So there you have it ladies and gentlemen, our most distinguished set of Linglingays Association’s officers. Let us once again give them a big round of applause. Message of the PresidentAnd now let’s welcome the Linglingay Association’s Chairperson. Let us give her a big hand for a job well done. Intoduction of Guest Speaker 1Without further ado, we would like to warmly welcome ___________. Sir/ Madam, thank you so much for your support. Speaker 2May I have your attention please, as we welcome _______________. Thank you sir/ Madam for gracing this occasion. Speaker 3Also with us here tonight and it is with great pleasure to have our guest speaker _________. Thank you _______________ for going out of your way to be with us. Speaker 4And now, we are truly happy to have here with us the ______________________ Thank you ___________ for sparing your precious time with us. Speaker 5For our next speaker, Friends lets give a big hand to ______________. Thank you Ma’am, it’s our pleasure to have you with us. Dance numbersAnd now, the moment we have all been waiting for, presenting to you the __________________ for their dance presentation. Thank you for that gracious presentation. Now, May we bring your attention to the dance floor as we welcome ____________________. Asking officials or guest to dance on floorNow may we invite ____________ to be on floor to show his/their talent/s in dancing. Sir the floor is yours. Food In just a few moments ladies and gentlemen food will be served. Enjoy! Ladies gentlemen, we hope you have been enjoying your food so far. Closing remarksMay we now call on _____________, for tha closing message. With that, on behalf of Linglingay Association, we would like to once again hank everyone for gracing this occasion. We hope that you have enjoyed the celebration as much as we have enjoyed hosting it to you. We wish a flourishing new year ahead of everyone. Thank you. Others Welcome scriptsWe would like to acknowledge the arrival of _____________. Welcome and Thank you for sharing your time with us. We would like to recognize the arrival of _____________. Thank you for coming sir. We would like to acknowledge the presence of ________ __. Thank you sir,and Welcome to the Linglingay’s Association New year’s ball. Thank youAgain Thank you for your participation, you may now return to your seats. Sir, Madam, Thank you so much for your generosity. Additional scriptsSo I guess that’s about it. I hope I did not miss out anyone. If I did, please be so kind to remind me. There you have it ladies and gentlemen. Holidays like Christmas and New Year bring families together. It refreshes the family ties and friendship that have gone out of date and almost forgotten against the toll of time and distance. Goodbye message to speakersThank you for being with us tonight, sir _________. Have a safe trip! Thank you for sharing your precious time sir ________. Happy new year and have a safe trip. Thank you for gracing this occasion ___________. May you have a safe trip! Welcome the associations and give their names to the emcee (get their representatives for pageants and boy pick up): Message booth: Food for the associations: For the guest speakers: Food for the judges: Game: Trip to JerusalemMs. Gay Linglingay Boy pick upGame ka na ba? (10 per association) Mr. and Miss LinglingayBalloons Disco king and queen Bingo How to cite Scripts, Papers

Work in a Global Context-Free-Sample for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the People Management and Work in a Global Context. Answer: The USA boasts of the worlds biggest economy. The dominance factor of USA has been battered however by the cropping up of the European Union (EU) common marketplace, which has an equivalent GDP of over $ 13 trillion (Hall Thelen, 2009). The brisk extension of the economies of BRIC (Brazil-Russia-India-China), particularly China, is all set to overhaul the USA in size within the span of thirty years. The current failure in the policy of US housing and the credit markets has led to the outcome of the slowdown of the US financial system. The US is often been referred to as the free market economy, though it is not been true, since the government of the country indulges themselves in protecting certain industries like the agriculture and energy. It can best be refereed as the consumer economy. In the period from 2009 to 2010, following the period of Great Recession, the rising problem of jobless upturn resulted in record intensity of unemployment of long-term with more than 5 million wo rkers looking for jobs longer than the period of six months. This in particular had an impact on the older workers and in February 2010, the certified rate of unemployment was up at 9.7 per cent. This paper would take into account the fact that USA is one of those archetypal examples of LMEs that have been showing the signs of a free economy, though it is stated to be a mixed economy. The government wanted to modernize their base industries for being able to compete in more efficient way in the global economy. It was an optic apposite for the periods of 1950s and 1960s when the high inter-war joblessness hung over the global economy along with the dilapidated barriers for trading bringing in stiffer opposition from the American multinationals. The most striking facet of the policy within the liberal states has been its prominence on the economic management of arms length. The same kind campaigned by John Maynard Keynes, whose principle are of the notion that governments have the ability in ensuring full employment, without exclusive interference through the manipulation of the rates of interest and the balance of budgets for justifying the fluctuations in economic movement. Many of the policy makers within the liberal economies have been doubtful about the economic plannings value with the analysts judging the unpretentious efforts, providing control over the fund flow in the financial system providing them more authority over the decisions related to investments. From the middle of 1970s, the popular concern in the democracies of developed nature like the USA shifted away from being economic transformation towards the inflation rates and rising unemployment in tandem after the disintegration of the monetary system of Bretton Woods and the shocks of commodity prices. Several analysts began focusing on the issue of the ways governments could lessen inflation without augmenting the factor of unemployment. The term, neo-corporatism cropped up in this scenario, focusing on the association of the trade unions along with the employers on the premise that the factor of wage bargaining could be synchronized (Edwards et al., 2013). The same can be done through associating the encompassing for promoting the interests that were economically wide of the firms and the workers. The inflation rate could be subordinated without much of the profligate increment in the unemployment issue. In such a scenario, the states role was in promoting the group of produce rs, guaranteeing that the concessions made by the workers would surge into investment instead of the dividends, offering a macro-economic motivation or the social settlements in return for the wage concessions. The constitution of US makes sure the three significant elements that generate a free market. They are in all probabilities possession of the private property, an aggressive market and the prices being of unregulated nature (Kochan Riordan, 2016). The US thrives on the concept of capitalism for its free market nature. This signifies the fact that the law of demand along with the supply sets the factor pricing and distributes the services and goods. The whole thing fits appropriately with the American Dream. It is of the opinion that each person has the true need of pursuing his or her own idea for being happy. This quest drives the spirit of entrepreneurship that is much required by capitalism. The constitution also educates the federal government in promoting the welfare in general sense. This facilitates the federal government in using the central planning in the areas that is of key importance for the growth of the nation (Boschma Capone, 2015). This takes into account telecommu nications, defense and the factor of transportation. The precedence has been on the well-being of the women, seniors and children, though Congress has unmitigated the clause of general welfare in many other areas (Lazarova, Morley Tyson, 2014). If one focuses on the federal budget, the overall reflection would be on these factors. The biggest item of budget is the benefits of Social Security figuring at $967 billion. The second in line has been the defense at $773.5 million in FY 2017. The health sector is in next with Medicare costing $598 billion and Medicaid amounting to $386 billion. As a result of this, many have been worrying of the fact that America is either fetching a state of social welfare or it is gradually becoming the slave of a military-industrial compound (Greer Doellgast, 2013). But the United States has often been described as the mixed economy and has been suggested it is superior for it. A free market economy cannot synchronize a plan of the stature of national defense. It also foliages the susceptible society members without the much required safety net. The safety net generally safeguards the right of the child for having the prospect in pursuing happiness. US, a mixed economy merges the best facets of a free economy with those of a command economy. This is where government makes use of the central plan for managing the distribution and prices. Countries that have been following communism use the command economy. When people generally think of the economy that is centrally planned, they usually think of nations like China, Russia and Cuba. But even these command economies are espousing the traits of a free market economy (Fernandez Aalbers, 2016). They are required to compete against the pricing existing in the free market economy across the globe. Onl y a market economy of free nature would provide them with suppleness for succeeding in a globalized economy. Gradually they are on the verge of becoming mixed economies. The main issue is that Congress is being spending above its means. One of the other large budget items is the imbursement of interest on the issue of debt that is figured at $303 billion (Godard, 2014).. This is mostly for the fact federal revenue does not cover the spending. Each year the deficit has been adding to the debt factor. As a result of this, the spending of the Congress for promoting the general wellbeing is irresistible in the economy of free market. The national debt is more than the annual economic output of the country. The ratio of debt-to-GDP is more than 100 per cent. This is much beyond the tipping point of the World Bank at 77 per cent. As the world has been recovering from the effect of financial crisis, investors would be leaving the safe heaven, which is US. At one point, the rates of interest would be on the up. This would gradually be slowing down the economic growth and worsening the factor of debt-to-GDP ratio. Therefore, the key concern would not be, whet her America is no longer an economy of free market? The main concern is that Congress has continued to expend ahead of its means on the whole lot. It is letting its accountability for the general benefit of the nation outweighing its duty for protecting the way capitalism works (Ahmadjian, 2016). It requires finding a way for restoring the balance predicted by the Founding Fathers of USA. One way of doing it is shifting the priorities of spending in putting the millions unemployed back on track of work. The spending on defense only has generated 8,500 jobs for every $1 billion being spent on it. It has not been that effective in generating jobs, since much has been spend on the factors of technology. Half of those funds ($3, 00,000) could be going into the public work constriction that has been creating 19,700 jobs per billion (Ferner et al., 2015). This would be thus using the benefits of a command economy through assembling quickly in solving the top issue the nation has been facing. It is required to put people back to working terms as it would be generating the demand required in letting the market of free nature grow quicker. If the spending is being kept same, the same would be restoring the ratio of debt-to-GDP at a level of sustainability (Walker, Brewster Wood, 2014). The existing relationship between the state and the economy varies in the coordinated and liberal market economies. To certain extent, these variations might obtain from the fact that many of the liberal states like USA have been electing the governments via the rule of majoritarian. Such rules have been giving the political parties stronger incentives for humanizing the median voters instead of making appeals in specific manner directed towards the labor or business, as many of the parties that have been designated by comparative representation accomplish. As a result of this, the USA governments often have relationships of weak nature with the prepared labor or capital. The multifaceted veto points of the fissiparous American political system supports foyers on behalf of the detailed interests instead of the bargains of peak-level with capital (Beyer, 2013). Partly because of the fact that the voice of the prearranged labor is weaker in those places as the firms tend to force their capabilities in shifting the resources around, liberal economies also provides low levels of social fortification than the neo-corporatist regions. In some respects, the liberal states are moderately well-positioned in coping with the austerity politics: their lower levels of social spending are easier in sustaining than the most liberal wellbeing states of other administrations (Donaghey et al., 2014). However, the higher level of indebtedness to which the growth strategies that are being led by demand have given rise in making this issue more pressing one along with the related choices more tender. The efficient up-skilling of the personnel might depend on lessening of the inequalities at social level that are now important facets of such economies, via the programs of developing the early childhood (Coates, 2015). United States boasts of a bigger financial services segment with global reach that would persist in making key contributions to the balance of payments, even though it has been encountering downsizing in the shorter term (Kaufman, 2016). The important question is whether US can lock more shares in the other industries. United States does enjoy the historic benefits in the segment of bio-technology along with information technology, associating to its capacities for fundamental innovation, but in certain other industries, like in sustainable energy, it has been susceptible to the competition in Asia. In USA, the destiny of knowledge-intensive industry has been in much doubt as their secondary education classification has been incapable to bestow higher level of skills in science and mathematics that are now being obtained by some of their rivals (Woodhall-Melnik Matheson, 2016). Thus it can be concluded that US is one of the typical LMEs across the globe. The issues for such a fact have been discussed in the above section where the spending of the government to put people back on work has been significant. America believes in putting the individuals on positions where they can generate the ability to pursue their happiness and well-being. It is one of those mixed economies that has shown the signs of free economy and is better off there. References: Ahmadjian, C. L. (2016). Comparative institutional analysis and institutional complexity.Journal of Management Studies,53(1), 12-27. Beyer, J. (2013, June). Varieties of Capitalism. InLexikon der Arbeits-und Industriesoziologie(pp. 474-479). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Co. KG. Boschma, R., Capone, G. (2015). Institutions and diversification: Related versus unrelated diversification in a varieties of capitalism framework.Research Policy,44(10), 1902-1914. Coates, D. (2015). Varieties of capitalism and the great moderation.New Directions in Comparative Capitalisms Research: Critical and Global Perspectives, 11-27. Donaghey, J., Reinecke, J., Niforou, C., Lawson, B. (2014). From employment relations to consumption relations: Balancing labor governance in global supply chains.Human Resource Management,53(2), 229-252. Edwards, P. K., Snchez-Mangas, R., Tregaskis, O., Levesque, C., McDonnell, A., Quintanilla, J. (2013). Human resource management practices in the multinational company: A test of system, societal, and dominance effects.ILR Review,66(3), 588-617. Fernandez, R., Aalbers, M. B. (2016). Financialization and housing: Between globalization and Varieties of Capitalism.Competition Change,20(2), 71-88. Ferner, A., Blanger, J., Tregaskis, O., Morley, M., Quintanilla, J. (2013). US multinationals and the control of subsidiary employment policies.ILR Review,66(3), 645-669. Godard, J. (2014). The psychologisation of employment relations?.Human Resource Management Journal,24(1), 1-18. Greer, I., Doellgast, V. (2013). Marketization, inequality, and institutional change. Hall, P. A., Thelen, K. (2009). Institutional change in varieties of capitalism.Socio-economic review,7(1), 7-34. Kaufman, B. E. (2016). Globalization and convergencedivergence of HRM across nations: New measures, explanatory theory, and non-standard predictions from bringing in economics.Human Resource Management Review,26(4), 338-351. Kochan, T. A., Riordan, C. A. (2016). Employment relations and growing income inequality: Causes and potential options for its reversal.Journal of Industrial Relations,58(3), 419-440. Lazarova, M. B., Morley, M. J., Tyson, S. (Eds.). (2014).International Human Resource Management: Policy and Practice. Routledge. Walker, J. T., Brewster, C., Wood, G. (2014). Diversity between and within varieties of capitalism: transnational survey evidence.Industrial and Corporate Change,23(2), 493-533. Woodhall-Melnik, J., Matheson, F. I. (2016). More than convenience: the role of habitus in understanding the food choices of fast food workers.Work, employment and society, 0950017016648255.